f) The Period of Stagnation


From the late 14th century on, the Choson Dynasty (1392-1910) which was founded on the political ideology of Neo-Confucianism, oppressed Buddhism and caused it to fall into stagnation. The second Choson king, T'aejong (r. 1400-1418), started implementing a strong policy of suppression and control so that Buddhism economically and culturally began to be destroyed. This harsh policy was enforced with political or socio-economic reasons in mind rather than any philosophical reasons. Therefore in spite of the general trend of persecution, some kings and members of the royal household personally followed Buddhism and had relationships with monks. Thus oppression and encouragement of Buddhism were both practiced during the Choson Dynasty.