4. Modern Times: Renewal


In 1910, the Choson Dynasty came to an end with the annexation of the country to Japan. During the Colonial Period, Buddhism was greatly favored and supported by Japanese policies. However, the celibate sects were discouraged and monks were encouraged to take wives, following Japanese custom. Also, contrary to tradition, the heads of temples were appointed by the Japanese occupation authorities.
Unfortunately, during this period, many Buddhist art treasures were taken to Japan. Today the Buddhists, in co-operation with the Korean government, are negotiating with Japan in order to have these stolen treasures returned.
After Liberation in 1945, the celibate ordained members of the main sect of Korean Buddhism, Chogye, superseded the married monks who had taken over the principle temples during the Japanese Occupation. Large numbers of men and women were ordained and there was a great revival of Korean Buddhism.

Recently, many new temples and centers have opened in the towns. Programs for people of all ages include: learning to chant, studying of texts, all night meditation classes, social gatherings.
About half the population of Korea is Buddhist as many people still see it as old fashioned to call themselves Buddhists and do not own up to the fact. In addition, most Koreans, even though they may not call themselves Buddhists, maintain a Buddhist view of life and the afterworld. Those who follow other religions keep many customs which are Buddhist in origin and everyone knows that Korean culture is primarily rooted in Buddhism.